独立宣言要么？？独立宣言 美利坚合众国十三州一致宣言 在人类活动中，当一个民族要和另一个民族在政治上脱离关系，并和世界各国一样取得自然法则和上帝授予的独立和平等的地位时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把他们独立的原因告知天下。 我们坚信以下真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，他们享有造物主赋予的某些不可剥夺的权利，其中有生存、自由和追求幸福的权利。 为了保障这些权利，人类才需要建立一个政府，他的正当权利应是经被统治者同意才产生的。不管政府以哪种形式违背了这个目标，人民便有权利改变或废除他以建立新政府，只有以此原则为基础和以此种形式组织的政权，人民才最有可能获得安全和幸福。当然，为慎重起见，决不允许因一些轻微或者临时的原因而变更一个历史悠久的政府；不过历史也证明，任何苦难，只要能忍受，人类都不会去推翻他。但是，当政府长久的对人民滥用职权和强取豪夺，表明要鱼肉人民，那么这时人民就有权利也应当推翻这样的政府，以保障自己未来的安全。 而我们一直在遭受着这样的苦难，因此现在有必要强迫他们改变从前的政府制度。当今大不列颠国王的历史就是一部接连不断的伤害和强取豪夺的历史，其所作所为都是为了在这些州建立专制的暴政。为了证明所言不虚，就让这公正的世界看看以下事实： 他拒绝通过对公众最有益和最必要的法律。 他禁止他的总督们通过急需而重要的法律，除非延缓批准等待他的同意，而其实一旦延缓，这些法律就被束之高阁了。 他拒绝通过方便广大人民的其他法律，除非人民放弃他们在立法机构的话语权，一种对他们无比有用而令暴君无比畏惧的权利。 他把立法机构召集一起，把他们安排在异乎寻常、令人难受并远离公众档案存放处的地方，其唯一的目的是使他们疲于奔命以顺从他。 他屡次解散议会，因为他们勇敢坚定的反对他侵犯人民的权利。 在解散议会后，他又长期拒绝成立新的议会；但立法权不会因此而消失，因为它属于广大人民且由他们来行使；然而各州仍处于危险境地，外有侵略、内有骚乱。 他竭力抑制各州的人口增长；为达此目的，他阻碍外国人入籍法的通过；拒绝批准其他鼓励外国人移居各州的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。 他拒绝批准建立司法政权的法律以阻扰司法工作的进行。 他把法官们的任期、薪资数额和支付完全置于他的个人意志支配之下。 他建立了许多新官署，并派遣大批官员去骚扰我们的人民还耗尽了他们的物质。 和平时期，他未经立法机构的同意就在我们中间维持军队。 他力图使军队独立并凌驾于民间力量之上。 他勾结其他人把我们置于不适合我们且不被我们的法律承认的外国管辖之下，并允许他们伪造法律，其目的如下： 是为了在我们中间驻扎大量的武装部队； 是为了庇护他们，通过摆设的审判使那些本应交由各州居民判处的杀人犯逃脱惩罚； 是为了切断我们与世界其他国家的贸易往来； 是为了不经我们同意就把税收强加我们头上； 是为了剥夺我们在多个案件审判中的陪审权益； 是为了押送我们去海外受审以伪造罪名； 是为了在一个邻省废除英国的自由法制系统，好建立一个专制的政府，并扩大该省的疆域，把它当成一个样本和顺手的工具，以向其他殖民地推行同样的极权统治； 是为了取消我们的宪章，废除我们最有价值的法律，并从根基上改变我们的政府形式； 是为了架空我们的立法机构，并宣称他们有权替我们在方方面面立法。 他宣布我们不再受他的保护并对我们发动战争，从而放弃了他在这的政府。 他在我们的海域抢劫，蹂躏我们的沿海地区，焚烧我们的城镇并杀害我们的人民。 他此刻正在运送大量的外国雇佣军来完成屠杀、摧毁和施虐的勾当，这和最野蛮时代的残酷卑劣行径相比几乎没有区别，他完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。 他令在公害被俘的同胞拿起武器向自己国家的军队开火，使他们成为杀害自己朋友和兄弟的刽子手，或者死于自己的手足之下。 他很兴奋的在我们中间挑起内战，并竭力挑唆我们边疆的居民，那些残酷无情的印第安人，谁都知道他们的作战规则，是不分男女老幼，一律格杀勿论的。 在这些镇压的每个阶段我们都曾以最谦卑的态度向他们请求改善，然而我们得到了怎样的回答？只有不停的伤害。一个君王，当他在性格上被界定为一个暴君时，他是不配担当自由人民的统治者的。 我们也不是没有顾及我们的英国兄弟。我们时常警告他们，他们的立法机构企图把不正当的管辖权强加于我们头上。我们也曾把我们移民到这和在这定居的情形告诉他们。我们曾向他们天生的正义感和宽宏大量呼吁，还向他们恳求念及我们同祖同宗的份上，不要再对我们强取豪夺，以免影响我们之间的联系和往来。然而他们对这正义和血缘的呼声，充耳不闻。因此，我们不得不宣布独立以和他们脱离关系，并且我们将以对待其他民族一样的原则对待他们：战为敌，和为友。 因此，我们美利坚合众国的代表们在大陆会议集合，以这些殖民地善良人民的名义和授权向这个世界最崇高的正义呼吁，庄严说明我们的意向，同时郑重宣布，这些联合殖民地有权成为自由和独立的国家；他们将不再对英国王室效忠，并且他们和大不列颠国家的一切政治联系都将全部解除，而且必须解除；作为自由和独立的国家，他们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和做一个独立的国家有权做的一切事情。为了支持此宣言，我们坚定的信赖上帝旨意的保护，以我们的生命、我们的财产和我们神圣的荣誉，彼此宣誓。 The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America . When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. -- Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers,incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislature. He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states: For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: For imposing taxes on us without our consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury: For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses: For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule in these colonies: For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments: For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages,and totaly unworth the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends. We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as free and independent states, they have full power to levey war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.
The terrible disaster caused more then 40075 inhabitants deaths and countless injured up to18:00 May 20th. The 8-day search-and- rescue efforts have put more strain on people's nerves. Many Chinese spent the agonizing week following news on TV, on net, or glancing over newspapers and on public transport during rush hours. Even strangers exchanged information on the updated death toll and the latest outcome of rescue missions; cheered for every survival narrowly escaping hell; mourned each new death; and prayed for the strong lives still trapped in the debris. But hope is dimming as time is running out. So many people lost their lives in a flash, so many happy family become destitute and homeless far and near, so many buildings collapsed without any hesitate, the earth cracked, and even worse, it rained while others try to rescue them…I can not image how sad a child will be that she or he turn out to be orphan after this earthquake.Or the old lost all her offspring in this earthquake.People begin to wonder what they can do to help those who are still suffering. What else can I do? has been the question on everyone's mind since the deadly quake hit Sichuan Province. After all, only a few warm-hearted volunteers could access the front lines of combating disaster considering the complicated conditions and fear of potential calamity. People can be seen everywhere lining up to make donations. In many cities, blood banks have been reported up to saturation; and volunteers wishing to donate blood have to register and wait for to be notified. More and more people are eager to be involved in the rescue and relief work that they are becoming unsatisfied with the disaster-relief efforts made outside of the quake-ravaged areas; and volunteers are descending upon the worst-hit areas in growing numbers. It is pity that there are a lot of disasters in this Olympic year. This year, we, Chinese people, really have suffered a lot. however, we have not been defeated, instead, we've become more united and show great resolution to overcome all kinds of challenges to make our country more thriving and prosperous. When people shout slogans Cheer up, China!, Cheer up, Wenchuan! after a three-minute silent tribute to quake victims, at the Tian'anmen Square in central Beijing,I know that the nightmare of the 8 days gone by will fade from the collective Chinese mind with time;and I could see the Chinese longings to rebuild a better future with dauntless perseverance and national esprit de corps ! 这篇短些 Rescue efforts are underway in China’s Sichuan province following Monday’s devastating earthquake 灾难性的地震, which measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale 里氏震级. According to Xinhua news agency, nearly 15,000 people have died in the disaster, with as many as 24,000 more trapped under rubble 碎石，碎砖 from collapsing buildings and another 14,000 declared missing 申报失踪. Prime Minister Wen Jiabao has visited the area to personally oversee relief work （抗震）救灾工作, and is flying to the epicentre 震中 of the earthquake today. Chinese troops have been mobilised 调动 to carry out rescue operations and emergency aid 紧急救护 has been air-dropped 空降 into areas that have been cut off by the disaster. Bad weather has hampered 阻碍 relief efforts and in some cases rescuers have had to trek into the disaster area 受灾地区 by foot and search for trapped survivors 生还者 by hand as roads have been blocked by debris 瓦砾碎片. Some residents of the provincial capital 首府 Chengdu have chosen to sleep in tents and government shelters for fear of aftershocks 余震 causing more damage. One witness in Chengdu told the BBC the city’s population is helping the relief work by donating 捐献 food and water for those affected in the surrounding countryside. Financial aid 经济救助 has been pouring in 大量涌进 from all over China, with the Chinese government pledging hundreds of millions of dollars. Substantial donations from other countries and humanitarian organisations have also been pledged 承诺，给予（援助）. Although full casualty figures 伤亡数字 are not yet certain, it is clear that Monday’s earthquake is the worst to strike China since the Tangshan earthquake of 1976.
