朗读英语时,怎样读出高低起伏的音调?
发布时间:2022-01-01来源:演讲朗诵

语言的三大要素音,型,义中,发音是第一位的:除了人类,世界上绝大多数动物都没有语言,它们靠彼此之间的的鸣叫交流,换句话说,没有发音,就没有交流。

学习英语,第一步是学习发音,而英语的发音有其自身的鲜明特点:节奏和流畅。确保英语朗读的发音节奏和流畅基本体现在:

1.单词的重读音节和非重读音节的快速,连续转换。

2.单词与单词之间,词组与词组之间,句子与句子之间首尾单词的音节之间的连读,吞音,失去爆破,元音的弱化,轻辅音的浊化,音变等等发音变化。

3. 单词和词组中,每个单词音节的轻重,高低,音程节拍的准确掌握。

4. 英语实词的重读,虚词的弱读。

5. 句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间,首尾单词之间的意群的连接,停顿,以及音调的升降。

6.合理分配气流,注意换气单词的位置,正确区分单词的送气和不送气音节。

7. 就单词的音程而言,如果把英语单词的一个音节看成是一拍,那么,每个单词的音节和音节之间的音程都应该是相等的。这也是为什么说:英语可以打着节拍在钢琴上来练习的原因。

英语学习者准确地掌握英语的以上发音特点,除了大量的模仿练习以外,必须学习《英语语音学》

正确练习英语朗读的准备步骤,注意事项和要求:

1. 理解原文:理解是朗读好一篇文章的基础。不理解原文,你就不能正确地划分意群,不能正确地重读,弱读单词,不能正确地使用音调,进而失去英语的节奏。正确地理解原文包括:理解单词,词组和句子的确切含义;单词与单词之间,词组与词组之间,句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间的语法关系和逻辑关系;全文的中心思想,修辞手法,文章结构,作者生平等。

2. 朗读前,根据以上发音规则和英语的节奏,仔细标注每句话中每个单词的重读/弱读发音符号,哪一个单词需要读升/降调,哪一个单词需要连读,失去爆破,吞音,元音弱化,辅音浊化,音变等等。然后,开始慢速/中速/快速朗读文章全篇50遍以上,并继续深刻体会原文的单词,词组,句子的确切含义;单词与单词之间,词组与词组之间,句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间的语法关系,逻辑关系,全文的中心思想。开始模仿课文原音:模仿前需对照原文默听录音10遍以上,并找出自己听不懂的成分,加以练习克服,然后,开始逐字逐句的模仿原音。

3.模仿的合格标准是:模仿者必须在语音,语调,语气,语速,语流上与原文完全一致,单词发音正确。模仿的朗读应该录音下来,反复回放纠正,只要任何人包括自己听不出是你说的英语,听不出是中国人说的英语,你的模仿就合格了。这种模仿练习在外语学院通常会持续一年时间。英语学习者应该根据自己的学习进度和老师的指点不间断地强化练习。模仿练习的频率要求是:800~1200单词的初/中/高级原文文章不低于各100篇。

4. 朗读好一篇英文文章的基础首先是单词的发音,然后才是单词和句子之间的连接。单词的发音必须以常用英英/英汉电子词典的发音为准。

5. 语言是一门艺术,朗读是一门表演。既然是朗读,那就必须高声,从容地朗读,而不是默读!朗读的“流畅”不是单纯追求“快”,不是上气不接下气,不是含糊不清,不是蒙混过关,更不是为了显示自己。朗读时,朗读者不能在内心翻译单词和句子,不能按汉语思维习惯理解和体会原文。模仿朗读一篇原文的过程应该是不间断的,连续过程,不能停顿,不能卡壳,不能重复。

6. 模仿练习开始,模仿者可以在发音基本正确,熟练朗读的基础上,2天或3天模仿练习一篇课文。模仿朗读的目的是:戒掉靠汉语思维,借助汉语理解原文,随心所欲地朗读英语的习惯,快速建立并加深地道英语的节奏,语流印象。只有你耐心模仿朗读并积累达到了800~1200单词的初/中/高级原文文章不低于各100篇的那一天,你才可以说,你已经脱离了中式英语模式,进入Native English Speaker 模式了。

7. 中国人讲的英语与外国人讲的英语其发音大相径庭,差距巨大,其常见的,普遍的原因是:中国人的英语辅音发音太重,元音发音不充分,没有连读,没有吞音,没有音变,没有轻重,没有长短,没有......, 总之,没有地道英语的节奏,语音,语气,音调,语流。高度重视并不断克服这些中国人讲英语的常见病,除了高频率地强化模仿原音练习,没有捷径!因为你是中国人。

8. 必须指出的是,英语的口语发音与书面语发音是两码事,不能混为一谈。英语口语的发音更具个性,更鲜明,更突出,更地域化。比如,英语口语的语调有96种之多,这也是甲的发音区别于乙的发音的原因,不过,这是下一篇文章需要解决的问题的了,有意者,敬请关注后续文章。

以下是本人模仿的两段英语朗读录音,仅供参考:

1. 新感念英语第二册 Lesson1

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'.

2. 林肯葛底斯堡演讲

Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of the war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as the final resting-place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our power to add or to detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here, to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

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